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Choosing the Right Motor Oil: A Guide for Car Owners .

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Choosing the Right Motor Oil: A Guide for Car Owners


Selecting the correct motor oil for your vehicle is crucial for maintaining engine performance and longevity. With numerous options available, understanding

1. Viscosity Rating (SAE Grade): Motor oils are classified by viscosity, which determines the oil’s thickness and ability to flow at different temperatures. The viscosity grade is indicated by n

30 or 10W-40 The first number (5W or 10W) represents the oil’s flow at cold temperatures, while the second number (30 or 40) indicates viscosity at high temperatures

    2. Type of Motor Oil:

    – Conventional Motor Oil: Basic oil refined from crude oil. Suitable for older vehicles with simple engine designs.

    Synthetic Motor Oil: Engineered for high performance and better protection in extreme conditions (hot or cold temperatures, heavy loads)

    Performance engines, and those requiring improved fuel efficiency.

    Synthetic Blend: A mix of conventional and synthetic oils, offering some benefits of synthetic at a lower cost. Suitable for engines that experience mode

    3. Certifications and Standards:

    Look for motor oils that meet or exceed the standards set by organizations like the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Society of Automotive Engine

    4. Consider Your Driving Conditions:

    • Climate: Choose oil viscosity based on your local climate. For cold climates, opt for oils with lower viscosity (e.g., 5W-
      30); for hot climates, consider higher viscosity oils (e.g., 10W-40).
    • Driving Habits: If you frequently tow heavy loads or drive in stop-and-
      go traffic, consider synthetic oils that offer better protection under these conditions.

    5. Follow Manufacturer Recommendations:

    Always refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the manufacturer’s recommended motor oil specifications. Using the wrong oil viscosity or type can affected

    6. Change Interval:

    Follow the recommended oil change interval specified in your owner Follow the recommended oil change interval specified in your owner’s manual. Using quality motor oil can sometimes extend the interval between oil changes, but always prioritize engine health and performance over saving money on oil change

    1. Brand Reputation and Quality

    Choose reputable brands known for producing high-quality motor oils. Brands with a strong reputation often invest in research and development to create oils that meet or exceed industry standards.

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    How to Set Fuel Efficiency in the Car , Fuel Average Formula ?

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    Fuel Efficiency Tips: Maximizing Your Car’s Mileage

    Improving fuel efficiency not only saves money but also reduces your carbon footprint. Whether you drive a compact car or an SUV, adopting these fuel-saving practices can make a significant difference:

    1. Maintain Your Vehicle:
       Regular maintenance, including tune-ups, oil changes, and air filter replacements, ensures your engine runs efficiently. A well-maintained vehicle can improve fuel efficiency by up to 4%.

    2. Check Tire Pressure:
       Properly inflated tires reduce rolling resistance, improving fuel efficiency by up to 3%. Check tire pressure monthly and before long trips, using the recommended pressure specified in your vehicle’s owner’s manual.

    3. Drive Smoothly:
       Aggressive driving—rapid acceleration, braking, and speeding—can lower fuel efficiency by up to 33% on the highway and 5% in city driving. Drive steadily and anticipate traffic flow to reduce unnecessary acceleration and braking.

    4. Reduce Idle Time:
       Idling wastes fuel. If you anticipate being stopped for more than 60 seconds (except in traffic), turn off your engine. Restarting use less fuel than idling for an extended period.

    5. Use Cruise Control:
       Maintaining a constant speed on the highway with cruise control can improve fuel efficiency by reducing fluctuations in speed that lead to increased fuel consumption.

    6. Lighten Your Load:
       Remove unnecessary items from your vehicle, especially heavy ones that can reduce fuel efficiency. Every 100 pounds of extra weight can decrease MPG by up to 2%.

    7. Avoid Excessive Use of Air Conditioning:
       Air conditioning can increase fuel consumption by up to 20%. Use it judiciously and consider using the car’s ventilation system when possible.

    8. Plan Efficient Routes:
       Combine errands into one trip to minimize driving distance and avoid traffic congestion whenever possible. Use GPS apps to find the most efficient routes that minimize stops and idling.

    9. Use the Right Fuel:
       Use the octane rating recommended for your vehicle by the manufacturer. Higher octane fuel is typically unnecessary and does not improve fuel efficiency or performance in most vehicles.

    10. Drive at Moderate Speeds:
       Driving at speeds over 50 mph significantly reduces fuel efficiency due to increased aerodynamic drag. Optimize your speed on highways to achieve the best balance between time and fuel consumption.

    How to calculate Mileage of Car :

    First fill up the fuel tank to its maximum capacity reset the trip meter reading to zero by pressing and holding the selector knob run your car till the reading to zero by pressing and holding the selector knob run your car till the fuel gauge reading shows one fourth fuel remaining in the tank fill the tank full once again watch carefully it has taken 26 l of petrol to fill up the fuel tank of your car it is written for 400 of petrol and 50km before the tank is filled up once again to get the mileage per ;liter simply by divide 400 and 50km by 26liter

    Calculated Mileage

    Fuel Average = Distanced Traveled /Fuel consumed

    fuel filled = 26 Liters

    Distance driven = 450 km

    Mileage = 450/26 = 17.30Km /Liters

    Conclusion:
    By incorporating these fuel efficiency tips into your driving habits, you can reduce fuel costs, minimize environmental impact, and prolong the life of your vehicle. Small changes in driving behavior and vehicle maintenance can add up to significant savings over time while contributing to a greener planet. Implementing these strategies not only saves money but also promotes responsible driving habits that benefit both your wallet and the environment. 

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    Electric vehicles works it’s parts and functions ::::::

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    Introduction
    Electric vehicles also known as evs do not require ic engines to operate it is powered by an electric motor instead of a gas powered engine the electric motor gets energy from a controller which regulates the amount of power based on the drivers use of an accelerator pedal the electric car uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries which are recharged by common household electricity
    Evs moves along our road ways without burning up fuel or producing harmful exhaust emissions while generating less noise pollution
    How electric vehicles work?
    Evs vehicles are like an automatic car they have a forward in reverse mode when you place the vehicle in gear and press on the accelerator pedal these things happen power is converted from the dc battery to ac for the electric motor the accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle speed by changing the frequency of the ac power from the inverter to the motor the motor connects and turn the wheels through a cog when the brakes are pressed or the car it develearting the motor becomes an alternator and produces power which is sent back to the battery. Understanding how an electric vehicle works first familiar with physical elements of electric motor and it’s starts with understanding the principles of it’s two major parts
    1 Motor
    2 rotor and stator
    An electric car motor works using a physical process this consist if using a current to creat a magnetic field at the fixed part of the machine called as the stator whose displacement sets a rotating part called as rotor the difference be rotor rotates
    Difference between an engine and a motor ::::
    A motor refers to a machine that converts energy into mechanical energy
    While
    An an engine does the same thing but specifically using thermal energy when talking about converting chemical energy into mechanical energy it means combustion not electric in other words an engine is a type of motor but motor is necessarily an engine with electric vehicles because the mechanical energy is created from electricity
    Ev parts and function ::::
    If we have never driven an electric car it’s still relatively simple to wrap your head around it’s main parts e. g instead of a gas tank they have batteries instead of engine they have electric motors instead of tail pipes they got no tail pipes simple right
    Parts name :
    1 traction battery pack power inverter (an electrical energy storage system in the form of direct current electricity if it get a signal from the controller the battery will transmit Dc electrical energy to the inverter and then used to drive the motor the type of battery used is a rechargeable battery arranged
    2 electric traction motor( the electric traction motor will work turning the transmission and wheels using power from the traction battery pack some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration function electric car used brushless Dc motor
    3 power electronics controller
    4 power inverter ( it’s function is to change direct current on the battery into an alternating current this Ac current is used by electric motor the inverter in an electric car has a function to change the ac current when regenerative breaking to Dc current and then used to recharge the battery
    5 power electronic controller
    A controller unit is an inverter and converter combination that recharges the battery pack of an electric vehicle during regenerative braking which develop kinetic energy the flow of energy from the battery is controlled using controller unit in tandem with the converter and inverter combination the Dc motor controller system is still used in electric vehicle to keep cost down
    6 charge port
    The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to change the traction battery pack
    7 Dc converter
    This device convert higher voltage Dc power from the traction battery pack to the lower voltage auxiliary battery
    8 charger
    Charger is a battery changing device charger get electrically from outside of electric car chargers on board charger this charger is located and installed in car
    9 transmission
    It transfer mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels
    Thermal management in electric cars :::
    This system maintains a proper operating temperature
    4 Types of electric vehicles :::::
    1 BEV battery electric vehicles
    2 HEV hybrid electric vehicles
    3 PHEV plug in hybrid electric vehicles
    4 FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle
    BEV ::::
    All electric vehicles ran entirely on battery
    and electric drivetrain electricity is stored in a large battery pack that is charged by plugging into the electricity grid the battery pack in turn provides power to one or more electric motors to run the electric car e. g
    Volkswagen e-golf
    BMW i3
    Nissan leaf and more
    HEV::::
    They are called standard hybrid or parallel hybrid vehicles these types of cars has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor in this the combustion engine gets energy from the fuel gasoline
    The gasoline engine and electric motor together drive the transmission which drives the wheels in hybrid battery can be charged but the ic engine the speed of the wheels or a combination of both there is no charging port so the battery cannot be recharged from outside of the system e.g
    Honda civic hybrid
    Toyata camry hybrid
    PHEV:::
    In this both plug in hybrid electric vehicle it is type of hybrid vehicle with both an ic engine and a motor these type of electric cars provide a fuel option these car are powered by a conventional rechargeable battery pack the battery can be charged electrically hybrid vehicles run typically in altlest two modes hybrid mode in which both electricity and gasoline are employed some plugs in vehicle can travel more than 70 miles on electricity alone e. g
    Porsche cayenne se hybrid
    Audi a3 e tron
    Ford c max energy
    Mercedes c350e
    FCEV::::
    It is known as zero emission vehicle are type of electric cars that employ fuel cell technology to generate the electricity in this chemical energy directly convert into electric energy e.g
    Toyata mirai
    Honda clarity fuel cell
    You can charge an electric vehicle by plugging into public charging station into a home charger when deal for home charging it’s important to get the right your bill
    EV s range :::
    How far travel on a full charge depend on the vehicle each model has a different range battery size and efficiency the perfect electric car will be the one you can use for your normal journeys without having to stop and charge up halfway through
    How far you travel on full charge?
    An electric vehicle range is dependent on the battery size the higher the EV battery more power the further you travel e.g
    Volkswagen e – golf ranges upto 125miles.
    Hyundai kina electric ranges up to 250miles, battery 64kWh
    Juguar i pace ranges up to 292miles
    Battery capacity and kwh :::::
    Kilowatt the unit of power how much energy needed a device to work Kilowatt hours is unit of energy it shows how much energy has been used e.g a 100bwatts light bulb uses 0.1 Kilowatts each hour an average home consumes 100 Kilowatt hours of energy per year an average home consumes 100 kw hours of energy per year while electric car uses 2000kWh energy /year
    How long does it take to charge an EV?
    There are three electric vehicle charging speeds
    Slow charging it typically rated upto 3kw often used to charge overnight aor at workplace charging time it takes up to 8-10 hours
    Fast charging it typically rated at either 7kw or 22 kw
    Tend to be installed in car parks supermarkets leisure centers and houses with off street parking charging time it takes up to 3-4 hours and rapid charging it typically rated from 43 kw only compitable with evs minutes 30  to 60minutes
    Advantages of EV
    1 Easier on the environment
    2 Zero emissions
    3 Healthier planet
    4 Electricity is cheaper than gasoline
    5 Installation of solar panels in homes 6 both your residance and electric car
    6 Electric car donot  run out oil therefore they don’t requires any oil change
    Electric cars are known to operates smoothly and quietly as there is no gas engine reducing noise pollution and making ride more comfortable
    7 Electric car respond much faster greater torque and agility while driving
    8 Recharging an electric vehicle is easy
    Even house hold sockets can be used to charge an electric car
    Disadvantage of EV::
    1 Finding a charge station even though charging an electric vehicle at home finding a charging
    2 Driving countryside or long distance road trips this will continue as demands for charging stations increases it takes no more than 5mintues to add gas to the fuel tank while recharging electric car may take times 15 to 20 hours to get a full charge on the battery pack using take 30 mint to get to about 80 percent capacity
    3 Driving range is limited this can be problematic if you are planning on travelling long distances
    4 Fine for daily commutes
    5 The upfront price of most electric car is higher than the gas powered vehicles even more affordable car model start from 30000$ to 40000$ while luxury model creep up to 80000$

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    Hydraulic power steering verses Electric power steering :

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    Introduction:
    Hydraulic power steering was the standard for decades this system includes a pump, a cylinder, and valves that control the flow of hydraulic fluid. The pump is powered by a belt that runs from the engine and is responsible for supplying pressure. The speed  of the pump is proportional to the motor speed. Particularly when driving at high speeds, control of valves are used to return pressurized fluid to the reservoir and avoid an imbalance. Maintain the ideal level of responsiveness with this configuration its common knowledge that the hydraulic steering system works. The benefits have become more apparent as time as gone on. Years of advancements in engineering have made fine tuning possible.
    Hydraulic system pros:
    ®Huge manfactures experience
    ®Road connecy through the steering wheel
    ®Better handling by the driver
    Increased steering feel enables the driver to handle more skillfully. With this system, the road effectively speaks the driver, enabling intuitive decision-making that result in safer driving environment. In fact because hydraulic steering responds so well especially at higher speeds many high end sports cars and race cars still use it.
    Flaws in hydraulic power steering system :
    Hydraulic system cons
    1 you need powers steering fluid
    2 maintainance occurs every 5 years
    3 frequent fluid leaks
    4 impact fuel economy
    5 a more complex system and more moving parts
    6 need for more engine space
    Hydraulic power steering path ::
    It is prone to many more potential problems its possible that drivers don’t always appreciate the cost of repairs and maintenance from power steering fluid leaks to pump issues
    What is electric power steering?
    The electric power steering, lived in 1876
    This was invented long before the first electric power steering, lived in 1876.this was invented long before the first automobile was manufactured but it wasn’t until the 1970s that it was widely used.

    Electric motor:
    An electric motor is used in the steering system in place of a hydraulic fluid pump
    (ECU) Electric count unit:::
    The electronic count unit (ECU) and sensors exchange data so that the steering settings can be altered in response to various critical factors, including vehicles speed.
    There was a lot of bugs to iron out when it was first used, but as engineering advances, system seem to get better this system is present in more contemporary cars for a few clearer reason there are few of the benefits :
    Electric system pros:
    1 less complicated design
    2 simpler yo keep up
    3 no need for power steering fluid
    4 fluid efficiency
    5 connects to driver asset features like automated parking and lane keeping assisstance
    6 complicated for driving conditions
    It is possible to release software updates to improved the system accuracy self driving cars of the future will use this kind of steering despite their greater popularity there are few drawbacks to take into account among them are following :
    Electric system cost
    1No road feedback or steering feel
    2 High repair cost
    Manufactures are attempting to improves the electric power steering system feel. The system ought to be able to provide feedback in the coming years making the experience more pleasurable
    Key differences:
    Maintenance and repair needs
    Power steering fluid is required by the hydraulic system the recommended maintenance schedule calls for changing this fluid. A power steering fluid change may run you between 25 and $ 125 an average. You can  save money on labor if we know how to make the change on your own even though its not a significant expense some drivers would be content to forego it fluid is not used in majority of electrical power steering system today as a result there is significantly less up keep to consider beyond upkeep repairs are an additional factor to take into account. Hydraulic system are prone to more issues, such as leek are belt problems however, a lot of the issues are easy to resolve. Repairs for electrical power steering system malfunction can be costly the system contain a number of intricated sensors, all of which can be expensive to replace compared to their electric counterparts hydraulic power steering system are more intricate with more moving parts, this kind is more prone to failures. The hydraulic system requires more space and weight these two element work together to lower the vehicle furl efficiency

    Handling :::
    A superior driving experience is offered by hydraulic power steering. The reason race car drivers favor this setup is because of feedback they receive from the road at different speeds, the electric power steering system provides a reliable experience. Manufactures keep refining the system over time to bring it closer to hydraulic steering

    Power source::
    The hydraulic steering system is powered by an engine driven belt the belt accelerates along with the engine this configuration tends to result in a marginally higher fuel consumption for the hydraulic system indeed but in a different way the engine is also used by electric power steering since power is only used when the wheel is turned your overall gas mileage is improved

    Conclusion :::
    You are not able to choose difference between different steering system while purchasing a new car most cars have electric power steering as standard equipment however a new car most new car have electric power steering as standard equipment however its still critical to comprehend the distinction particularly if you’re looking at older models of pre owned cars although the hydraulic system might feel better it requires more frequent maintenance and consumes more fuel instead of concentrating on fixing hydraulic fluids leaks technicians are now more concerned with fixing software bugs and electric motor failures. Its possible that power steering fluid will no longer be used in any cars. 

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    BMW Drivetrain Malfunction Meaning Causes and Fixes ?

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    <introduction>
    BMWs are renowned for their powerful engines, cutting edge electronics and excellent handling. These car have their problems even though they are excellent in many aspects the error message “” drivetrain malfunction that appears on the dashboard display is one problem that some BMW owners have been reported
    The purpose of this error message is to alert the driver to a potentially serious problem, which can be concerning it doesnot however always indicate that the car is about yo breakdown everything you need to know about the BMW drivetrain malfunction message including how much it will cost to fix

    Meaning
    BMW employs self monitoring technology to record malfunction and notify the driver of an impending or existing problem A drivetrain consists of the following components : axles, driveshafts, transmission, differentials and if included a transfer case the drivetrain malfunction message doesn’t always mean that the drivetrain is the only source of problem
    Another way to set the message is for powertrain related issues

    Causes
    There are several potential causes because both powertrain and drivetrain related issues can result in the drivetrain malfunction message this error message is typically caused by an engine or related problem the most frequent reasons are as follows
    Defective or won spark plugs
    Dirty or faulty fuel injectors
    Fail ignition coils
    Faulty high pressure fuel pump
    Poor fuel quality
    Clogged catalytic converters

    How to fix?
    We want yo stop the drivetrain malfunction warning from staying error the error message may be accompanied by additional warning messages or fault codes such as maximum drivetrain output not available which is frequently the case the diagnosis of the warnings underlying cause is aided by these additional warnings some action we can take to fix the drivetrain malfunction issue:
    Check the fluid levels
    Low engine frequently results in the drivetrain malfunction message if the fluid level is low check the engine for leaks if necessary top off the systems with the appropriate fluid
    Check vacuum hoses for air leaks
    The positive crankcase ventilation valve is prone to frequent failures
    Use higher grade fuel
    The drivetrain malfunction message has been attributed to low quality fuel according to some BMW specialist and customers buying fuel with a higher octane from a well known gas station lowers the chance of receiving tainted or subpar fuel
    A common cause of drivetrain malfunction error is worn spark plugs the error message will usually be accompanied by misfire codes that are stored raw fuel entering the exhaust from a misfired cylinder is a common cause of clogged catalytic converters

    How to reset?
    Restart the engine after tuning the car off for five to ten minutes to reset it if the issue recurs, flaws are found and repairs are probably required
    Cost to fix
    The cost of fixing a BMW drivetrain malfunction can vary significantly based on underlying cause. A drivetrain malfunction error repair won’t break the bank most of the time there have been some reports of expensive repairs up to $2500
    If there has been significant damage to the engine repair cost increase even more its also important to take a model specific costs into account
    E. G The same part will cost more on a 7 series than a 2 series
    We advised looking up relevant technical service bulletined service campaigns recalled and warranty coverage before making any repairs

    < Repair cost estimates >
    Tune up $200-$300
    Ignition coil replacement #65-$600
    PCV replacement $50-$150
    Fuel system clean $120-200$
    Cat converters replacement $1500-$3000

    < Conclusion ::: >

    The BMWs model like 3series and 5series are frequently modified drivetrain and powertrain problems can result from specific vehicle modifications one BMW service bulletin states that drivetrain malfunction may be caused by aftermarket components or tuners
    The drivetrain malfunction error is typically accompanied by additional message
    Diagnostics trouble code consequently the cause of fault shouldn’t be to mysterious
    Repairs can involve anything from a straightforward gas tank or fuel additive replacement to engine, transmission, powertrain control module reprogramming the purpose of warning message is to prevent damage to vehicles when the drivetrain malfunction is active we advice against driving for extended period of time get your car scanned and start with a straightforward engine restart inspect the fluid levels in car looks for any leaks and stay away from aftermarket performance components as they may also contribute to the issue 

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    Double wishbone vs MacPherson

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    Intro


    Purchasing a vehicle depending on their use case today we will compare two popular types of suspension and we will try to make a conclusion which fits best
    Double wishbone suspension pros :
    Upper wish bone
    Suspense and its pros improved handling double wishbone suspension improves handling and stability especially during cornering its design allows for dynamic camera changes in the middle of the corner maximizing the contact with the road this result in improved traction and control especially on uneven or difficult terrain many double wishbone designs allows the rear outside wheel to tow in when the suspension is compressed this allows the car to enter the corner more quickly as a result the vehicle feels more agile and responsive
    Adjustable geometry :
    It typically provides far more alignment adjustability with more camber caster and tow setting available this adjustability enables the suspension geometry to be fine tuned to meet specific driving preferences or performance requirements better it is beneficial for car enthusiasts who autocross or race their vehicles now about cons complexity and cost when compared to makers struts double wishbone suspension are more complex and intricates in design they necessitate the addition of additional components such as upper control arms upper ball joints and additional bushings which can lengthens development time and increase manufacturing costs the systems complexity can also make repairs and replacements more time consuming and costly increased weight the additional component of double wishbone suspension can add weight resulting in higher unsprang mass this this extra weight may have a minor impact on fuel economy and overall vehicle performance however advance in lightweight material and engineering techniques have helped to mitigate this disadvantage in modern designs now lets head to the McPherson strut suspension and lets talk about its pros easy and inexpensive when compared to double wishbone system makers strut
    Suspension are simpler in design with fewer components their small size makes them easier to install and maintain resulting in lower manufacturing costs this ease of use also translates into faster and less expensive repairs
    Space efficient :
    replacements space efficient macers struts are space efficient taking up less space in the engine compartment this enables nore efficient packaging freeing up space for other components or paseenger accommodations it is freeing up space for other components it useful in vehicles with limited engine based space good balanced mcferson struts offers a good balance of ride comfort and handling their design provides sufficient shock absorption and stability resulting in a smooth and controlled ride macers strut suspension systems strike a good balance for daily driving the economy cars and even some light duty trucks even though they might not match thr handling  performance of double wishbone suspension but this suspension has its own cons limited flexibility there are fewer adjustable options for macers struts then for double whishbone suspension the lack of adjustability might nake it more difficult to fijd tune the suspension characteristics to meet certain performance standard or driving preference this might be limiting for enthusiasts looking for a highly customised suspension setup however anthusiasts who own cars with mcferson
    Stretch suspension often have access to aftermarket option
    E. G
    Additional chambers adjustment are provided by camber plates and aftermarket control arm its also possible that spoke aftermarket suspension part provides more caster setting increased body roll when suspension part provide kore caster settings increased body roll when cornering nacres struts tends to cause more body roll than double wishbone suspension because the wheel are interconnected modification to one could have an impact on the other potentially decreasing overall handling responsiveness and precision antiroll bars and appropriate suspension tuning however lessen this disadvantage conclusion :
    every suspension system including macers strut and double whisbone has advantages and disadvantages macron suspension are better in term of cosr and space but double wishbone suspension are better in term of handling and adjustability which suspension configuration is ideal for you will ultimately depend on your specific use case remember your personal preference your budget and the intended uses of your car in order to choose the suspension system that best fits their particular vehicles models  manufacturer carefully consider these factors balancing performance cost abs overall customer satisfaction. 

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    7 causes why cruise control is not working and cost to fix?

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    Intro

     

    A short while ago cruise control feature was limited to certain car models these days cruise control seem to be standard on almost every type of car on the road while it my insignificant not being abl3 to use the continent cruise  control features can make any road trip less enjoyable CC malfunctions must be diagnosed in order to fixed and used again

    Now examine the typical reason why CC doesn’t work 

    1 check engine warning light :

    When check engine warning light illuminates it typically indicates an issue with either your engine or transmission 

    Cruise control system may be turned off as a safety measures by the engine control unit if it find this issue CC system will remain deactivated until the engine problem is resolved 

    2 Blown fuse :

    Fuse protection applied to CC system electrical components it is possible to blow a fuse just like inside your home as a result fuse is changed CC system will be disabled 

    3 Brake light switch :

    To disable CC press the brake pedal the CC system has to detect the brake light switch this function will turn automatically until the brake light switch problem is resolved if it is unable to detect the switch. Brake light staying on could be result of broken broken light switch

    4 switch malfunction :

    Cruise speed is adjusted using the CC switch to maintain the acceleration speed this data is sent to CC module and engine control unit the acceleration if the contact inside the CC switch were to wear out the system will completely deactivate and remove the current cruise acceleration setting in response

    5 vehicle speed sensor :

    The engine control unit and the CC modules receive speed information about the vehicle from the few vehicle speed sensors found in the majority of cars The CC module will only receive this data from the vehicles speed sensor if that is how quickly the vehicle is travelling the CC system will automatically deactivate if the speed sensor malfunction and the module is unable to detect the speed 

    5 electrical issue :

    The CC system is connected to multiple electrical components when this feature stops working definitely check the connectors wiring harnesses and ground straps verify that the voltage source is still providing the system with power. The Control not working would make sense if any of these part were broken or loose 

    6 throttles bottle issues :

    Two throttles cables are used in older cars with cruise control one for gas pedal and another for CC system 

    These cables might elongate with time the CC system will not be able to operate the throttle plate correctly if the cable is broken or has stretched 

    7 repair costs :

    The cost of repair varies based on the nature of the problem as well as the make and model of car then you get a idea of what to budget for from this section 

    Examine most frequent causes of CC issues and the approximate cost of replacing or repairing them 

    Blow fuse 5 to 30 $

    Quick and affordable to replace 

    Faculty cruise control 100 _200$

    Faculty brake light switch 50-150$

    Defective speed sensor 100-300$

    ABS- Related problems 200-1000$

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    Engine lubrication system how does it’s work?

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    The internal combustion engine  contain numerous fictional part the friction causes them to overheat to reduce friction and remove heat car used a lubrication system this system delivered lubricants to all friction part the most viral part are fact with lubricant under pressure the other part are relay on  gravity and splash feeds
    Working :

    :
    We examine whole engine lubricating cycle fill up engine with motor oil is drained into oil sump along the available roots in this case it happens timing drive cavity and the deliciated channels the oil is stored in oil sump that has oil dipstick attached to it oil pick up in oil strainer when we starting engine it activated the oil pump which drowse oil and creating pressure at the outlet in this example the pump is operated by change drive from the crank shaft the pressure relief valve control the lubricating pressure and open when the safe miserable pressure is exceeded it is mounted on either on oil pump
    Let’s look how oil pump work
    You can see several gear pump act as oil pump they can featured by either internal and external gear mashing in external gear pump there is a crescent partition, gerotor pump and oil crescent partition another variety is variable dischargable oil pump
    The pressure oil goes into oil pump in the cylinder oil blocks in the gallery having been cleaned a  wine metal dust and oil impurities by passing into an oil filter if the filter become to clock the oil will pass through the bypass valve without being clampsed so replace the filter everytime you change your oil
    The filter outlet are featured with oil pressuring sensor
    The oil run along the cylinder block oil gallery to the crank shaft main journals which lubricates the main journals under pressure this produces an oil coating that minimises friction the oil flows in the crank shaft channels which lubricates the rod journals in its connecting rod bearings let’s make a closer look at oil crank shaft pessage the presurized oil is pushed out in the connecting rod bearings the rotation of crank shaft spread all over crank case lubricating the cylinder wall piston piston things and partially the timing drive this also generate an oil mist in the crank case the splash oil thus run out in the oil sump simultaneously some oil flows through the oil gallery in cylinder block the cylinder have eventually reaching the camshaft journals they pushed out the lubricating timing drive by gravity and splash feeds the oil then returned into oil sump and cycle start all over again
    The system should contain at least one oil pressure sensor which control system functioning pressure sensor can be placed in the different part of the system including downstream of the filter   and the forehead of oil gallery and sometimes this  is featured with several sensors e.g upstream and downstream of the filter when the oil pressure in the lubricating system is low the warning light in filter iliminates on the dashboard more complex system may include oil temperature sensor, oil level sensors and air water cooled radiators cooling a radiator is also  featured with  various coupling scheme there is also approach to lubrication and cooling of piston, and piston tanks such as extra oil pessage in connecting rods oil holes at bottom of connecting rods and oil jet nozzles in the cylinders block
    Lubrication is also required for optional system such as turbocharger some control function can be performed by the lubrication systems thus pressurise the motor oil is essential for the hydraulic lash adjusters some variable valve timing drive hydraulic tensioner
    To prevent any access oil in the combustion chamber piston are out fitted with oil control rims that removes most of the oil in the cylinder walls this valves is valve stem seals and prevent  excess oil from  entering through valve stem seals various gasgets  oil seal between the engine stationary moving parts heating preventing oil from exceeding the engine (rear covers and rear crank shaft oil seals)
    finally keep in mind oil changes are crucial since oil become contaminated overtime causing it to degrade so change your oil regularly from long dues of dirt oil result in severe engine vared. 

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    Honda

    How do drum brakes work in cars and light vehicles.

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    The Components found in a typical drum brakes system are we have the back plate assembly ,the brake drum ,wheel, nuts
    First we will take a  look at  detail of back plate assembly and brake drum
    Brake drums
    Brake drums are made up of highly cost oil which conduct heat well and this slot away the drum rotates on its axle and wheel providing the friction surface when the brakes are applied
    Back plate assembly
    It contains over components    requires   to operate the  drums brakes let’s explore each components in term the back plate remain stationary and provides a fixed space for other components to attached
    Next we have brake shoes
    It consists of   steel frame fitted with a friction material or brake lining this material is bounded  on the outer phase of  shoes frame there is a wheel cylinder
    A wheel cylinder is connected to hydraulic system and contained piston which are force outward by hydraulic pressure when the brakes pedal is pressed the shoe retaining spring pull the brake shoe down on to the back plate keeping in its position A tensioning spring is fitted to the shoe when brakes pedal is released the hydraulic pressure is reduced allowing the tensioning spring to withdrawals the wheel cylinder piston and pulled  the brake shoes are away from the drum this allows to wheel to rotate once more freely
    Drum brakes are  just used as  self adjusting mechanism the adjustor just  take  as excessive clearance creating as a friction material on the brake shoes Vas reducing the current movement of shoes this bring the brake shoes closely to the drum and maintains the consistent pedal field and braking response finally we have hand brake mechanism the hand brake cable enters the drum  into the back plate and connect the brake shoe liver arm cable electronic and hydraulic system are founded handbrake but in our example cables are used to activate the rare brakes when the hand brakes pulls upward the cable is tensioned forcing the brake shoes outs against the brake drum the hand brakes maintained the tension and till the hand brake released  .

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    Difference Between Petrol Engine Vs Diesel Engine?

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    gasoline engine and diesel engine are the two  most common internal  combustion engine even though the operation seem similar but there have   some interesting  differences each having advantages over other
    first engine have basic force stroke


    intake
    compression
    power
    exhaust
    there are difference between the two engines two to  the difference  way the fuels burns
    gasoline  readily easily evaporates so it’s gets mixed with  air officially ( low flash point -43°C) highly volatile  as a result just a spark is often to  produce  smooth combustion in a  well premixed gasoline engine  on the other hand these are not properly mixed with air highly flash point 52°C less volatile (diesel) however if diesel is sprayed  into high temperature air spontaneous combustion is occur this shows that the gasoline engine have should  fuel air mixed
    while in diesel engine mixing happens during only  combustion
    this is why diesel engine using fuel injector
    while gasoline engine using a spark plug
    you might  have noticed that gasoline engine are might less noisy and less vibrate compared to diesel engine this is because combustion process in a premixed mixture is smooth and propagate wells
    but in a diesel engine the  combustion could begin anywhere in the combustion chamber
    and turn out  to be a uncontrollable process for this reason due to reduce the excessive vibration and noise problems diesel engines requires  a more rug instructional design  than gasoline engine this is why gasoline engine is more preferable for life weight application 
    diesel engine is only compressing only the air can be achieved a good  compression ratio
    C.R = V clearance /V total (C.R = 18-24) but in a premixed gasoline engine such a high compression ratio(C.R = 8-10) is not possible the higher the compression ratio better is the  efficiency of cycle
    interesting question many people wonder is
    Diesel in gasoline engine ?


    diesel in gasoline engine will not even cost fire the reason is simple less volatile and not well mixed properly with air and sparking will not initiate combustion
    on the other end put
    gasoline in diesel engine ?


    you are spraying highly volatile fuel in a  chamber of highly compressed hot air this will lead designation rather than smooth combustion eventually the engine components will be damage that’s a big no for gasoline in diesel engine.

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