Introduction
Electric vehicles also known as evs do not require ic engines to operate it is powered by an electric motor instead of a gas powered engine the electric motor gets energy from a controller which regulates the amount of power based on the drivers use of an accelerator pedal the electric car uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries which are recharged by common household electricity
Evs moves along our road ways without burning up fuel or producing harmful exhaust emissions while generating less noise pollution
How electric vehicles work?
Evs vehicles are like an automatic car they have a forward in reverse mode when you place the vehicle in gear and press on the accelerator pedal these things happen power is converted from the dc battery to ac for the electric motor the accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle speed by changing the frequency of the ac power from the inverter to the motor the motor connects and turn the wheels through a cog when the brakes are pressed or the car it develearting the motor becomes an alternator and produces power which is sent back to the battery. Understanding how an electric vehicle works first familiar with physical elements of electric motor and it’s starts with understanding the principles of it’s two major parts
1 Motor
2 rotor and stator
An electric car motor works using a physical process this consist if using a current to creat a magnetic field at the fixed part of the machine called as the stator whose displacement sets a rotating part called as rotor the difference be rotor rotates
Difference between an engine and a motor ::::
A motor refers to a machine that converts energy into mechanical energy
While
An an engine does the same thing but specifically using thermal energy when talking about converting chemical energy into mechanical energy it means combustion not electric in other words an engine is a type of motor but motor is necessarily an engine with electric vehicles because the mechanical energy is created from electricity
Ev parts and function ::::
If we have never driven an electric car it’s still relatively simple to wrap your head around it’s main parts e. g instead of a gas tank they have batteries instead of engine they have electric motors instead of tail pipes they got no tail pipes simple right
Parts name :
1 traction battery pack power inverter (an electrical energy storage system in the form of direct current electricity if it get a signal from the controller the battery will transmit Dc electrical energy to the inverter and then used to drive the motor the type of battery used is a rechargeable battery arranged
2 electric traction motor( the electric traction motor will work turning the transmission and wheels using power from the traction battery pack some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration function electric car used brushless Dc motor
3 power electronics controller
4 power inverter ( it’s function is to change direct current on the battery into an alternating current this Ac current is used by electric motor the inverter in an electric car has a function to change the ac current when regenerative breaking to Dc current and then used to recharge the battery
5 power electronic controller
A controller unit is an inverter and converter combination that recharges the battery pack of an electric vehicle during regenerative braking which develop kinetic energy the flow of energy from the battery is controlled using controller unit in tandem with the converter and inverter combination the Dc motor controller system is still used in electric vehicle to keep cost down
6 charge port
The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to change the traction battery pack
7 Dc converter
This device convert higher voltage Dc power from the traction battery pack to the lower voltage auxiliary battery
8 charger
Charger is a battery changing device charger get electrically from outside of electric car chargers on board charger this charger is located and installed in car
9 transmission
It transfer mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels
Thermal management in electric cars :::
This system maintains a proper operating temperature
4 Types of electric vehicles :::::
1 BEV battery electric vehicles
2 HEV hybrid electric vehicles
3 PHEV plug in hybrid electric vehicles
4 FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle
BEV ::::
All electric vehicles ran entirely on battery
and electric drivetrain electricity is stored in a large battery pack that is charged by plugging into the electricity grid the battery pack in turn provides power to one or more electric motors to run the electric car e. g
Volkswagen e-golf
BMW i3
Nissan leaf and more
HEV::::
They are called standard hybrid or parallel hybrid vehicles these types of cars has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor in this the combustion engine gets energy from the fuel gasoline
The gasoline engine and electric motor together drive the transmission which drives the wheels in hybrid battery can be charged but the ic engine the speed of the wheels or a combination of both there is no charging port so the battery cannot be recharged from outside of the system e.g
Honda civic hybrid
Toyata camry hybrid
PHEV:::
In this both plug in hybrid electric vehicle it is type of hybrid vehicle with both an ic engine and a motor these type of electric cars provide a fuel option these car are powered by a conventional rechargeable battery pack the battery can be charged electrically hybrid vehicles run typically in altlest two modes hybrid mode in which both electricity and gasoline are employed some plugs in vehicle can travel more than 70 miles on electricity alone e. g
Porsche cayenne se hybrid
Audi a3 e tron
Ford c max energy
Mercedes c350e
FCEV::::
It is known as zero emission vehicle are type of electric cars that employ fuel cell technology to generate the electricity in this chemical energy directly convert into electric energy e.g
Toyata mirai
Honda clarity fuel cell
You can charge an electric vehicle by plugging into public charging station into a home charger when deal for home charging it’s important to get the right your bill
EV s range :::
How far travel on a full charge depend on the vehicle each model has a different range battery size and efficiency the perfect electric car will be the one you can use for your normal journeys without having to stop and charge up halfway through
How far you travel on full charge?
An electric vehicle range is dependent on the battery size the higher the EV battery more power the further you travel e.g
Volkswagen e – golf ranges upto 125miles.
Hyundai kina electric ranges up to 250miles, battery 64kWh
Juguar i pace ranges up to 292miles
Battery capacity and kwh :::::
Kilowatt the unit of power how much energy needed a device to work Kilowatt hours is unit of energy it shows how much energy has been used e.g a 100bwatts light bulb uses 0.1 Kilowatts each hour an average home consumes 100 Kilowatt hours of energy per year an average home consumes 100 kw hours of energy per year while electric car uses 2000kWh energy /year
How long does it take to charge an EV?
There are three electric vehicle charging speeds
Slow charging it typically rated upto 3kw often used to charge overnight aor at workplace charging time it takes up to 8-10 hours
Fast charging it typically rated at either 7kw or 22 kw
Tend to be installed in car parks supermarkets leisure centers and houses with off street parking charging time it takes up to 3-4 hours and rapid charging it typically rated from 43 kw only compitable with evs minutes 30  to 60minutes
Advantages of EV
1 Easier on the environment
2 Zero emissions
3 Healthier planet
4 Electricity is cheaper than gasoline
5 Installation of solar panels in homes 6 both your residance and electric car
6 Electric car donot  run out oil therefore they don’t requires any oil change
Electric cars are known to operates smoothly and quietly as there is no gas engine reducing noise pollution and making ride more comfortable
7 Electric car respond much faster greater torque and agility while driving
8 Recharging an electric vehicle is easy
Even house hold sockets can be used to charge an electric car
Disadvantage of EV::
1 Finding a charge station even though charging an electric vehicle at home finding a charging
2 Driving countryside or long distance road trips this will continue as demands for charging stations increases it takes no more than 5mintues to add gas to the fuel tank while recharging electric car may take times 15 to 20 hours to get a full charge on the battery pack using take 30 mint to get to about 80 percent capacity
3 Driving range is limited this can be problematic if you are planning on travelling long distances
4 Fine for daily commutes
5 The upfront price of most electric car is higher than the gas powered vehicles even more affordable car model start from 30000$ to 40000$ while luxury model creep up to 80000$